A brand-new React framework has come into the IT hub — Remix.run. It’s a wonderful framework with exclusive and next-gen features.



There are many React frameworks but Remix stands out, which is not surprising considering its powerful functionalities.



>Remix can write both the backend and the frontend code in the same file. With minimal JavaScript, we can now render data on the server and to the client.



Unlike vanilla React, where we fetch data on the frontend, which is then rendered on the screen, Remix fetches data on the backend and serves the HTML to the user directly. This guide will give you an overview of Remix and show you how to get started with this powerful framework -

## Overview About Remix.run



Remix.run is a newly developed, open-source and a wonderful full-stack web development framework designed to help you quickly build web applications with a minimum of hassle.



With Remix, you can easily create complex user interfaces with a user-friendly syntax. The framework is designed to be modular and extensible, so you can pick and choose the components you need for your project and create custom applications.


In short -


- It includes everything you need to get started, from already configured stacks, to a simple, easy-to-use server to a robust routing system and powerful templates.
- No separation of concerns
- While you might be confused about it being a frontend framework, it’s NOT. You can write the frontend as well the backend code in the same files.
- Easy to deploy your applications to the web, with support for a variety of hosting providers.
- With its simple code, you’ll be up and running in no time.


It’s wise to say that Remix is a complete pleasure to work with and is on the path of becoming one of the greatest frameworks.



The framework is still in its early stages, but it has already seen some success, with a number of high-profile projects using Remix.run to power their websites.

## How to Get Started?


The first thing you need to make sure before trying Remix is to check whether you have all the prerequisites fulfilled, i.e.-



- Node.js installed version > 14.17
- npm and a code editor


```
npx create-remix@latest --template remix-run/indie-stack blog-tutorial
```

You can find the detailed guide to [create your own Remix app](https://remix.run/docs/en/v1/tutorials/blog) is given here, which if you follow step wise, you will see how easy it is. The most wonderful thing is stacks which you can use to start quickly with your app without having to create it from the scratch.



Also, a stack comes with a complete signup and login pages with UI and authentication.



Now, let’s check out the code of my first remix app, which is a simple blog-tutorial app, which i created with the above command. It shows some simple real-time examples of how routing works in remix.



Honestly, I followed the step-wise guide from the docs and created some pages through routing and nested routing. But the amazing thing was that the data was coming from Prisma, which is one of the greatest strengths of TypeScript.

Check out the result here-

![Remix-1.gif](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Remix_1_64bca4f37b.gif)



Now, let’s check out the code- The code structure is same as given in the [developer’s guide to Remix](https://remix.run/docs/en/v1/tutorials/blog).



Here’s my ```app/routes.index.tsx``` file for the home page-




```
import { Link } from "@remix-run/react";
import { useOptionalUser } from "~/utils";
export default function Index() {
  const user = useOptionalUser();
  return (
    <main className="relative min-h-screen bg-white sm:flex sm:items-center sm:justify-center">
      <div className="relative sm:pb-16 sm:pt-8">
        <div className="mx-auto max-w-7xl sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
          <div className="relative shadow-xl sm:overflow-hidden sm:rounded-2xl">
            <div className="relative px-4 pt-16 pb-8 sm:px-6 sm:pt-24 sm:pb-14 lg:px-8 lg:pb-20 lg:pt-32">
              <h1 className="text-center text-5xl font-extrabold tracking-tight sm:text-4xl lg:text-9xl">
                <span className="block uppercase text-yellow-500 drop-shadow-md">
                  Indie Stack
                </span>
              </h1>
              <div className="mx-auto mt-16 max-w-7xl text-center">
                <Link
                  to="/posts"
                  className="text-xl text-blue-600 underline"
                >
                  Click here to check Blog Posts
                </Link>
              </div>
              <div className="mx-auto mt-10 max-w-sm sm:flex sm:max-w-none sm:justify-center">
                {user ? (
                  <Link
                    to="/notes"
                    className="flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-transparent bg-white px-4 py-3 text-base font-medium text-yellow-700 shadow-sm hover:bg-yellow-50 sm:px-8"
                  >
                    View Notes for {user.email}
                  </Link>
                ) : (
                  <div className="space-y-4 sm:mx-auto sm:inline-grid sm:grid-cols-2 sm:gap-5 sm:space-y-0">
                    <Link
                      to="/join"
                      className="flex items-center justify-center rounded-md border border-transparent bg-white px-4 py-3 text-base font-medium text-yellow-700 shadow-sm hover:bg-yellow-50 sm:px-8"
                    >
                      Sign up
                    </Link>
                    <Link
                      to="/login"
                      className="flex items-center justify-center rounded-md bg-yellow-500 px-4 py-3 font-medium text-white hover:bg-yellow-600"
                    >
                      Log In
                    </Link>
                  </div>
                )}
              </div>
              <a href="https://remix.run">
                <img
                  src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1500684/158298926-e45dafff-3544-4b69-96d6-d3bcc33fc76a.svg"
                  alt="Remix"
                  className="mx-auto mt-16 w-full max-w-[12rem] md:max-w-[16rem]"
                />
              </a>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </main>
  );
}
```

This is the ```app/models/post.server.ts``` file where we define our post models-

```
import { prisma } from "~/db.server";
import type { Post } from "@prisma/client";
export type { Post };
export async function getPosts() {
  return prisma.post.findMany();
}
export async function getPost(slug: string) {
    return prisma.post.findUnique({ where: { slug } });
  }
  export async function createPost(
    post: Pick<Post, "slug" | "title" | "markdown">
  ) {
    return prisma.post.create({ data: post });
  }
}
```

Here’s the ```app/routes/posts/index.tsx``` file for the /posts route page-


```
import { json } from "@remix-run/node";
import { Link, useLoaderData } from "@remix-run/react";
import { getPosts } from "~/models/post.server";
type LoaderData = {
    // this is a handy way to say: "posts is whatever type getPosts resolves to"
    posts: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getPosts>>;
};
export const loader = async () => {
    return json<LoaderData>({
        posts: await getPosts(),
    });
};
export default function Posts() {
    const { posts } = useLoaderData() as LoaderData;
    return (
        <main>
            <div className="absolute inset-0">
                <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-[color:rgba(00,204,27,0.5)] mix-blend-multiply" />
            </div>
            <div className="relative px-4 pt-16 pb-8 sm:px-6 sm:pb-14 lg:px-8 lg:pb-20">
                <h1 className="text-center pb-8 text-3xl font-bold underline tracking-tight sm:text-6xl ">Posts</h1>
                <Link to="admin" className="text-red-600 underline">
                    Admin
                </Link>
                <ul>
                    {posts.map((post) => (
                        <li key={post.slug}>
                            <Link
                                to={post.slug}
                                className="flex text-violet-600 underline"
                            >
                                {post.title}
                            </Link>
                        </li>
                    ))}
                </ul>
            </div>
        </main>
    );
}

```


>In the above file where we are getting the posts data, we have used the exported loader function which contains the loaded posts through useLoaderData hook. This is an excellent example that shows how easily remix combines the frontend and the backend.

The prisma schema file, i.e. ```prisma/schema.prisma``` looks like this-


```
datasource db {
  provider = "sqlite"
  url      = env("DATABASE_URL")
}

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client-js"
}

model User {
  id    String @id @default(cuid())
  email String @unique
  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
  updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
  password Password?
  notes    Note[]
}
model Password {
  hash String
  user   User   @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade, onUpdate: Cascade)
  userId String @unique
}
model Note {
  id    String @id @default(cuid())
  title String
  body  String
  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
  updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
  user   User   @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade, onUpdate: Cascade)
  userId String
}
model Post {
  slug     String @id
  title    String
  markdown String
  createdAt DateTime @default(now())
  updatedAt DateTime @updatedAt
}
```

This is the ```seed.ts``` file for prisma-


```
import { PrismaClient } from "@prisma/client";
import bcrypt from "bcryptjs";
const prisma = new PrismaClient();

async function seed() {
  const email = "rachel@remix.run";
  // cleanup the existing database
  await prisma.user.delete({ where: { email } }).catch(() => {
    // no worries if it doesn't exist yet
  });
  const hashedPassword = await bcrypt.hash("racheliscool", 10);
  const user = await prisma.user.create({
    data: {
      email,
      password: {
        create: {
          hash: hashedPassword,
        },
      },
    },
  });
  await prisma.note.create({
    data: {
      title: "My first note",
      body: "Hello, world!",
      userId: user.id,
    },
  });
  await prisma.note.create({
    data: {
      title: "My second note",
      body: "Hello, world!",
      userId: user.id,
    },
  });
  const posts = [
  {
    slug: "my-first-post",
    title: "My First Post",
    markdown: `
# This is my first post
Isn't it great?
    `.trim(),
  },
  {
    slug: "90s-mixtape",
    title: "A Mixtape I Made Just For You",
    markdown: `
# 90s Mixtape
- I wish (Skee-Lo)
- This Is How We Do It (Montell Jordan)
- Everlong (Foo Fighters)
- Ms. Jackson (Outkast)
- Interstate Love Song (Stone Temple Pilots)
- Killing Me Softly With His Song (Fugees, Ms. Lauryn Hill)
- Just a Friend (Biz Markie)
- The Man Who Sold The World (Nirvana)
- Semi-Charmed Life (Third Eye Blind)
- ...Baby One More Time (Britney Spears)
- Better Man (Pearl Jam)
- It's All Coming Back to Me Now (Céline Dion)
- This Kiss (Faith Hill)
- Fly Away (Lenny Kravits)
- Scar Tissue (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
- Santa Monica (Everclear)
- C'mon N' Ride it (Quad City DJ's)
    `.trim(),
  },
];
for (const post of posts) {
  await prisma.post.upsert({
    where: { slug: post.slug },
    update: post,
    create: post,
  });
}
  console.log(`Database has been seeded. 🌱`);
}
seed()
  .catch((e) => {
    console.error(e);
    process.exit(1);
  })
  .finally(async () => {
    await prisma.$disconnect();
  });
```

Here goes ```app/routes/posts/$slug.tsx``` file to get post slugs-


```
import { marked } from "marked";
import type { LoaderFunction } from "@remix-run/node";
import { json } from "@remix-run/node";
import { useLoaderData } from "@remix-run/react";
import invariant from "tiny-invariant";
import type { Post } from "~/models/post.server";
import { getPost } from "~/models/post.server";
type LoaderData = { post: Post; html: string };
export const loader: LoaderFunction = async ({
  params,
}) => {
  invariant(params.slug, `params.slug is required`);
  const post = await getPost(params.slug);
  invariant(post, `Post not found: ${params.slug}`);
  const html = marked(post.markdown);
  return json<LoaderData>({ post, html });
};
export default function PostSlug() {
  const { post, html } = useLoaderData() as unknown as LoaderData;
  return (
    <main className="mx-auto max-w-4xl">
      <h1 className="my-6 border-b-2 text-center text-3xl">
        {post.title}
      </h1>
      <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: html }} />
    </main>
  );
}
```

Here is the ```app/routes/posts/admin.tsx``` file for our /admin page-


```
import type { LoaderFunction } from "@remix-run/node";
import { json } from "@remix-run/node";
import {
  Link,
  Outlet,
  useLoaderData,
} from "@remix-run/react";
import { getPosts } from "~/models/post.server";
type LoaderData = {
  posts: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof getPosts>>;
};
export const loader: LoaderFunction = async () => {
  return json({ posts: await getPosts() });
};
export default function PostAdmin() {
  const { posts } = useLoaderData() as LoaderData;
  return (
    <div className="mx-auto max-w-4xl">
      <h1 className="my-6 mb-2 border-b-2 text-center text-3xl">
        Blog Admin
      </h1>
      <div className="grid grid-cols-4 gap-6">
        <nav className="col-span-4 md:col-span-1">
          <ul>
            {posts.map((post) => (
              <li key={post.slug}>
                <Link
                  to={post.slug}
                  className="text-blue-600 underline"
                >
                  {post.title}
                </Link>
              </li>
            ))}
          </ul>
        </nav>
        <main className="col-span-4 md:col-span-3">
          <Outlet />
        </main>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}
```

Check the ```app/routes/posts/admin/index.tsx``` file where we link to /new route -


```
import { Link } from "@remix-run/react";
export default function AdminIndex() {
  return (
    <p>
      <Link to="new" className="text-blue-600 underline">
        Create a New Post
      </Link>
    </p>
  );
}
```

Finally, the file ```app/routes/posts/admin/new.tsx```, which is a nested route component, where we create a form, validate it and use it to create a new post -


```
import { Form, useActionData, useTransition } from "@remix-run/react";
import type { ActionFunction } from "@remix-run/node";
import { redirect, json } from "@remix-run/server-runtime";
import invariant from "tiny-invariant";
import { createPost } from "~/models/post.server";
const inputClassName = `w-full rounded border border-gray-500 px-2 py-1 text-lg`;
type ActionData =
    | {
        title: null | string;
        slug: null | string;
        markdown: null | string;
    }
    | undefined;
export const action: ActionFunction = async ({
    request,
}) => {
    const formData = await request.formData();
    const title = formData.get("title");
    const slug = formData.get("slug");
    const markdown = formData.get("markdown");
    const errors: ActionData = {
        title: title ? null : "Title is required",
        slug: slug ? null : "Slug is required",
        markdown: markdown ? null : "Markdown is required",
    };
    const hasErrors = Object.values(errors).some(
        (errorMessage) => errorMessage
    );
    if (hasErrors) {
        return json<ActionData>(errors);
    }
    invariant(
        typeof title === "string",
        "title must be a string"
    );
    invariant(
        typeof slug === "string",
        "slug must be a string"
    );
    invariant(
        typeof markdown === "string",
        "markdown must be a string"
    );
    await createPost({ title, slug, markdown });
    return redirect("/posts/admin");
};
export default function NewPost() {
    const errors = useActionData();
    const transition = useTransition();
    const isCreating = Boolean(transition.submission);
    return (
        <Form method="post">
            <p>
                <label>
                    Post Title:{" "}
                    {errors?.title ? (
                        <em className="text-red-600">{errors.title}</em>
                    ) : null}
                    <input
                        type="text"
                        name="title"
                        className={inputClassName}
                    />
                </label>
            </p>
            <p>
                <label>
                    Post Slug:{" "}
                    {errors?.slug ? (
                        <em className="text-red-600">{errors.slug}</em>
                    ) : null}
                    <input
                        type="text"
                        name="slug"
                        className={inputClassName}
                    />
                </label>
            </p>
            <p>
                <label htmlFor="markdown">Markdown:{""}
                    {errors?.markdown ? (
                        <em className="text-red-600">
                            {errors.markdown}
                        </em>
                    ) : null}
                </label>
                <br />
                <textarea
                    id="markdown"
                    rows={20}
                    name="markdown"
                    className={`${inputClassName} font-mono`}
                />
            </p>
            <p className="text-right">
                <button
                    type="submit"
                    className="rounded bg-blue-500 py-2 px-4 text-white hover:bg-blue-600 focus:bg-blue-400 disabled:bg-blue-300"
                    disabled={isCreating}
                >
                    {isCreating ? "Creating..." : "Create Post"}
                </button>
            </p>
        </Form>
    );
}
```

Yes, you can create a form using <Form> tag, which is same as the <form> tag in HTML, and understand the form submission. Additionally, the action function here is responsible for getting and processing the form data.



And, that’s it folks! We did it. We created our first app with Remix, you can also update your UI through tailwind CSS.

## What’s different about Remix.run?


Now, let’s catch up on some amazing things that Remix has introduced:

### - Remix Stacks


A stack is a container that holds all the necessary components to run an application, which makes them much smaller and faster. Remix.run comes with several built-in and official stacks that are in itself an application, including -

- Database
- Automatic deployment pipelines
- Authentication
- Testing
- Linting/Formatting/TypeScript


In short, everything from the backend to the frontend, database and required dependencies.



This way, you can just choose a stack and get started with your project quickly, enhancing the code in your own way and that too, without having to care about the setup and configuration.


Amazing right?



Here are the built-in stacks that Remix provides -



- **The Blues Stack:** Deployment with Node.js server and PostgreSQL database. Designed for large, fast production-grade applications.
- **The Indie Stack:** Deployed on Node.js server with SQLite database. It ideal for websites that contain dynamic data.
- **The Grunge Stack:** Deployed on Node.js with DynamoDB. A great choice if you want to deploy a production-grade application on AWS infrastructure. Other interesting feature is that you can also create your own custom stacks in Remix to power up your application in terms of flexibility and power. If you’re looking to run an application on Remix.run, chances are you’ll need to use a stack.

### - Routing in Remix.run


One of the key features of Remix.run is its routing system, which allows you to define the structure of your URLs and makes it easy to map URLs to specific resources in your application.



In Remix.run, routes can be nested within other routes, using params, to create more complex applications. Nested routing allows you to break up your application into smaller, more manageable pieces. It also makes it easier to reuse code and keep your application organized.


To create a nested route, you simply need to add a new route object within an existing route. The new route will then be accessible at the path specified by its parent route.



For example, if you have a route named _/users_ and you add a nested route named _/profile_, the _/profile_ route will be accessible at _/users/profile_. In the code examples, the _/new_ is the nested route within parent _/admin_ route, as we can see here.



When we click on the ‘Create a New Post’ link as given here-

![Remix_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Remix_2_02eacc1520.webp)

It opens up the route within the existing one, like this-


![Remix_3.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Remix_3_9dcfac753e.webp)


### - Easier Integration of frontend and backend



As we saw above, the loader function eliminates the need of creating APIs to call data through getPosts controller, or creating backend controller to handle the GET API, and other files for routing and managing the code.


It’s a huge development in Remix, which is yet to get noticed by the world. There’s no separate files for frontend and backend code, you can write both in a single file, which is completely opposite to the concept of ‘Separation of concerns’.


Though this was already happening with the introduction of JSX in React, but Remix is taking it to a whole other level.


You are writing the whole page in a single file along with its css and database request, which is a big step that brings a sense of unity of frontend and backend within the code and eases the code flow.


## Conclusion


Besides all the wonderful things we learned here about Remix, the one that still stands out is that somehow, among working together with the backend as well as the frontend code, Remix has made development easier and NOT complicated.



Once you get the concept right, it’s plain and simple HTML.

small_Remix_feature.webp

thumbnail_Remix_feature.webp

Welcome to Remix — A Newly Developed Full- stack Framework

**T**he origin of next.js is when we wanted to create dynamic server-rendered sites. It is a react framework that helps teams to build ambitious, complex applications. But being dynamic has always come with a lot of limits.


With Next.js 13, React has become even easier to use. This new version promises to make development faster and more efficient.


It comes with a number of new features and updates, including Hot Module Replacement for server rendering, performance enhancements, and support for TypeScript 3.0. If you’re looking to learn or use React in your next project, Next.js is definitely worth checking out.


An upgraded version of next js i.e., Next JS 13 allows developers to make “dynamic without limits” applications through innovative features, many of which are still in alpha or beta.

Updating the versions directly relates to upgrading yourself. You can easily upgrade next js version by using the command -


```
npm i next@latest react@latest react-dom@latest eslint-config-next@latest
```

Now, as the dust slowly settles, we can go through what’s new in Next.js 13.

## app/ Directory in Next.js 13 (In Beta)


The most beneficial feature of Next.js is our file-system router. It even makes it a bit easier to create routes by dropping a file inside a folder. Configurations for each route are no more required.



With the introduction of the app/ directory (beta), there is a lot of improvement in routing and layout experience. Let’s see how ➖

- **Layouts:** Easily share UI between routes while preserving state and avoiding expensive re-renders.
- **Streaming:** Display instant loading states and stream in units of UI as they are rendered.
- **Server Components:** Making server-first the default for the most dynamic applications.
- **Support for Data Fetching:** async Server Components and extended fetch API enables component-level fetching.



While you don’t need to use the app/ directory when upgrading to Next.js 13, the app/ directory can coexist with the existing pages directory for incremental adoption.



## - Layouts

![NextJs_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Next_Js_1_8b9e25d42f.webp)


Next.js is a file-based routing system that uses folders to define routes. This system is designed to be intuitive and easy to use, and it offers a number of advantages over other routing systems.



- First, file-based routing makes it easy to create and manage complex route hierarchies.
- Second, it provides a clear separation between UI and routing logic, making it easier to maintain your codebase.
- Finally, file-based routing is more performant than client-side routing, as it doesn’t require the browser to parse and execute JavaScript code.



However, some developers find file-based routing to be confusing and difficult to work with. As a result, next.js’s folder-based hierarchy may be a better fit for your project if you’re looking for a simpler routing solution.

## - Server Components



Next.js is turning your mental model of how components work upside down! Instead, all the generated React code will run on the server by default and you must opt into having parts if it’s available for client Side rendering with module statements at top levels like before.


The app/ directory introduces support for React’s new Server Components architecture. It uses the server and client to come out at their best by allowing one to build fast, highly-interactive apps with a single programming model which ultimately provides excellent developer experience and efficiency.



By this, we are laying the foundations for the future so that we can build complex interfaces by reducing the amount of Javascript sent to clients and enabling faster initial page load.



When a route is loaded, the Next.js and React runtime will be loaded, which is cacheable and predictable in size. This runtime does not increase in size as your application grows.


Further, the runtime is asynchronously loaded, enabling your HTML from the server to be progressively enhanced on the client.


## - Font Optimization


The new @next/font module allows you to optimize your Web Fonts during build time.

It downloads and hosts them in a private folder, saving an additional round trip for each font file downloaded from the server as well as delivering it quickly without having another set of handshake with any remote servers or services.


Which means, what is delivered has not been altered along its journey through our network layer — this means faster load times on pages where these fonts are used!


Remember that when using this package, then it’s important to have a working internet connection when you run your development build the first time so it can cache it properly, otherwise, it will fall back to system fonts if adjustFontFallback is not set.


Apart from these also, there are a few features due to which Next JS is much more reliable and good than other frameworks.

## Should I Upgrade To Next.js 13?



If you mean actually using and taking advantage of all the shiny new features you now have…I’d advise waiting.


Next.js 13 is a very early beta release that heavily utilizes cutting-edge features from React 16 and 17, often not implementing them fully yet due to their lack of stability in the form.


It has an extremely poor developer experience at this point with no documentation available other than third-party tutorials on YouTube which can lead you to make costly mistakes when trying something new — such as pipe characters being treated like spaces!



## Wrap Up



There’s no need to worry if you want a simple website with Next.js! This release gives us some insight into how things are going in the future, and it makes our framework even more robust behind the scenes because we’ll be able to use these new features once they’re available on all platforms (firefox).


As long as, you manage your expectations about what now have currently — don’t expect drastic changes right away though.

small_NextJs_Feature.webp

thumbnail_NextJs_Feature.webp

Next.js 13 is Here — What’s New?

**I**nformation mining, also known as data mining, involves gathering and analysing relevant data to transform it according to preset standards. Data mining technology helps companies identify specific information about their existing and potential customers that is most relevant to them.



Companies across industries leverage information mining tools and techniques to use historical data effectively. Data in raw form does not provide much information.



Therefore, businesses must transform massive volumes of raw data into meaningful insights in order to stay competitive. They can use this information to make decisions about marketing, investments, and management practices.

#### Information mining involves the following steps–


- Setting goals
- Data accumulation
- Loading data into data warehouses
- Storing the data on the cloud or in-house servers
- The data mining software applies algorithms to categorise the data based on the user’s results
- Assessment of results
- Presenting the data in an easy-to-share format



## How does data mining help uncover relevant facts?



Information mining helps analysts uncover relevant facts, trends, exceptions, patterns, relationships, and anomalies hidden in troves of warehoused information using pattern recognition technologies and mathematical/ statistical procedures.



For instance, the patterns help identify the common attributes of customers buying a similar product or seeking the same service from a company.



Moreover, businesses can use the patterns to identify fraudulent transactions, foretell what content website visitors are more interested in viewing or determine which prospects are most likely to respond to a mailing list.



Additionally, businesses can use patterns to identify customers who might leave their company for their competitors.



Information mining can also assist in identifying sales trends, devising more effective marketing campaigns, and precisely predicting customers’ loyalty. Therefore, businesses worldwide leverage data mining to identify patterns and correlations in the data to make informed business decisions.

## How can IT assist information mining?


Technology plays an essential role in information mining and provides opportunities for global improvements. Data being the lifeblood of businesses, helps companies make data-driven decisions.



Information technology can assist businesses in identifying vulnerabilities and improving operational efficiency. For instance, with the advent of the IoT and wearable devices, human beings and every internet-enabled device have become the source of data generation.



IoT-enabled devices can continuously generate data, allowing decision-makers to take decisive actions to boost performance and enhance customer/employee satisfaction.


## Data Mining Tools & Technologies

![Data_Mining_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Data_Mining_1_b6ac0eac3e.webp)


Information mining depends on analytical techniques based on mathematical algorithms. With abundant data and inexpensive storage and processing power, data scientists can apply these techniques to resolve general business problems.

Here are the most popular tools used for information mining-

### - Artificial Neural Network



It can efficiently mine raw data and transform it into useful information. It analyses huge volumes of data and look for patterns, thus, enabling businesses to gain a deeper understanding of their customers, which can result in better marketing strategies, higher sales, and lower operating costs.


### - Rule Induction



It is the process of determining an if-then rule from a set of data based on its statistical significance. The rules extracted from the data may reflect a full scientific model or local patterns.


### - Decision trees



The decision tree algorithm produces a tree-like model by classifying information. The tree-like model depicts sets of decisions that determine how data should be classified.


### - Genetic algorithms



These are optimisation techniques that combine genetics, mutation, and natural selection. Based on natural genetics, this advanced data classification sorts the best solution from several possible solutions.



### - K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN)



In this technique, each record is categorised based on the documents in a historical database that are most similar to it.



### - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning



In large-scale data processing, advanced machine learning techniques like deep learning offer exceptionally accurate predictions.


Therefore, they can be used for processing data in Artificial Intelligence deployments such as speech recognition, computer vision, or advanced text analytics using natural language processing (NLP).



### - Data Visualisations



They provide users with access to data based on sensory perceptions. With modern data visualisation, data can be streamed in real-time and different colours can reveal different patterns and trends.



Since a dashboard is a powerful way of displaying data mining insights through data visualisations, businesses can create dashboards based on multiple metrics to visually recognise patterns in data rather than relying solely on numerical results.

## Latest Trends in Data Mining


Some of the popular trends that have emerged through leveraging data mining are given below-


### 👉 Ubiquitous information mining



It is used for deriving data about a given individual from mobile devices. Ubiquitous data mining is gathering steam across industries for analysing computer-human interaction. However, it faces a set of challenges, including operational expenses and privacy issues.


### 👉 Multimedia information mining



It is one of the most effective methods for accurately capturing and extracting data from various new media sources, such as video, audio, hypertext, and so on, which is then transformed into a numerical value.



Multimedia data mining is frequently utilised for clustering, classifying data, and conducting similarity tests.



### 👉 Time Series & Sequence Information Mining



This is yet another type of information mining that retail companies increasingly use to assess customer purchasing patterns and behaviours.



Time series and sequence data mining are used to examine cyclical and seasonal patterns. It aids in analysing arbitrary events that occur outside the regular sequence of events.


### 👉 Spatial & Geographic Information Mining



It is one of the most popular types of data mining used for drawing information from multiple sources, such as astronomical, geographic, and environmental data, as well as photographs captured from space.

## Advantages of Information Mining


Today’s information age is full of challenges, and information mining provides us with the means to resolve those challenges. The benefits of information mining are as follows:



- Helps businesses gather accurate information, which enables them to make cost-effective adjustments in production and operations.
- Helps businesses make informed business decisions using both new and legacy systems.
- Allows data scientists to analyse dense volumes of data quickly.
Identifies hidden patterns and fraud, builds risk models, and improves product safety.

## Challenges of Data Mining

![Data_Mining_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Data_Mining_2_f6243c01e8.webp)


Despite its advantages, information mining has its own set of drawbacks. The process presents several challenges pertaining to performance, data, methods, and techniques. Some of the major issues in data mining are as follows:



- **Difficult to Manage:** Data mining requires managing large databases, which makes the process difficult.
- **Required Trained Professionals:** Data analytics tools are often complex and challenging. Thus, data scientists must receive the proper training before using data mining tools effectively.
- **Must Use Correct Tools to Derive Useful Data:** In terms of tools, they work with different types of data mining based on their algorithms. Therefore, data analysts must select the right tools for their work.
- **Lack of Diversity in Data May Generate Erroneous Results:** The methods used for data mining aren’t always 100% accurate, so there is a constant risk of inaccuracies. Especially when the dataset lacks diversity, this obstacle becomes more prominent.
- **Privacy Concerns:** Customer data can be sold to other organisations and businesses, causing privacy concerns.


While data mining is tremendously powerful, it encounters several implementation issues/challenges. Thus, identification and organisation of the issues/challenges are essential to the success of data mining.


## The Way Forward



Despite its drawbacks, data mining appears to have promising long-term potential. Researchers and companies in many disciplines are turning to data mining as a vital technology since it has the potential to generate profitable results for businesses in the near future.



For instance, a micro-marketing campaign can explore new niches by utilising data mining. In addition, advertisers can target potential customers in a more precise manner.



Businesses can significantly benefit from having a single tool that can perform multiple data mining techniques. Companies can better reinforce the data governance and quality measures necessary for obtaining reliable data by utilising a single platform for various data mining techniques.

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Make informed & smart decisions with data mining!

Technology in Data Mining

**P**otential is something that we all have within us. It is the latent power or ability to achieve something. Everyone has the potential to be great at something. However, potential is only part of the equation. In order to actualise our potential, we need to channel it in the right direction. This requires focus and commitment. It means setting goals and working towards them. It means continually striving to improve and learn new things. It means believing in ourselves and our ability to achieve our goals. When we channel our potential, we set ourselves up for success. We open up limitless possibilities for what we can achieve. So go out there and channel your potential! Create the life you want to live. Achieve your dreams and reach your full potential. When we set our sights high and aim for the stars, there is no limit to what we can achieve.

Here are the top 10 ways to channelise your potential :



## 1. Set your sights high and aim for the stars:


When you have big goals, you are more likely to put in the hard work necessary to reach them. Additionally, aiming for the stars gives you a greater sense of satisfaction when you eventually do reach your goal. Of course, it is also important to be realistic in your expectations. Not every goal is achievable, and it is important to be able to distinguish between a lofty ambition and an impossible dream. However, as long as you maintain a positive attitude and remain determined, anything is possible. So go ahead and set your sights high — you just might be surprised at what you can achieve.



## 2. Get out of your comfort zone:


It is human nature to want to feel comfortable and safe. We often choose the easy option because it requires less effort and we know what to expect. However, if we always stay in our comfort zones, we miss out on opportunities for growth and development. Stepping out of your comfort zone can be scary, but it is also essential for achieving greater things in life. When we challenge ourselves and push our boundaries, we learn new skills and gain coincidence. We may also discover hidden talents and meet new people who can help us achieve our goals. So next time you’re feeling stuck, remember that taking a risk could lead to amazing things.

## 3. Stay Motivated Through Challenging Times:



Motivation can be hard to come by when times are tough, but it’s during these times that we need it most. When facing challenges, look for sources of motivation that will help you push through and come out on top. Whether it’s reading inspirational quotes or listening to motivating speeches, and what works for you and use it to stay focused on your goals despite any challenges that come your way.


![Potential_1.jpg](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Potential_1_9b6c7c9979.jpg)


## 4. Believe in yourself:



Our potential is unlimited. The only thing that limits our potential is our belief in ourselves. It is often said that the rst step to achieving any goal is believing in yourself. This may seem like a simple task, but for many people, it can be the hardest part of the journey. Self-doubt can creep in at any stage of the process, making it di cult to stay motivated and focused on your goals. However, if you can learn to silence your inner critic and believe in yourself, you will be one step closer to achieving your dreams. When you have faith in your ability to succeed, anything becomes possible. So believe in yourself and go after your goals with everything you’ve got!

## 5. Be passionate:


In order to achieve anything great in life, you need to be passionate about it. Passion is the driving force that will push you to work harder and put in the extra e ort required to reach your goals. Being passionate about something means that you care deeply about it and are willing to commit yourself fully to its pursuit. When you are passionate about something, you are more likely to persevere through challenging times and come out stronger on the other side. Your passion will also motivate and inspire those around you, helping them to see what is possible and encouraging them to pursue their own dreams. So whatever it is that you want to achieve in life, make sure that you do it with passion. only then will you have a chance of achieving greatness.



## 6. Persevere:


There will be obstacles along the way but don’t let them stop you from reaching your goals.persevere and keep going no matter what life throws at you.



## 7. Take action:



Don’t just sit around and wait for things to happen — make them happen! Anyone who has ever achieved anything of note has done so by taking action. Simply put, you cannot achieve your goals if you do not take action towards them. This does not mean that you will always succeed when you take action, but it is impossible to succeed without taking action. Of course, taking action can be difficult, especially when you are facing obstacles. However, remember that even small actions can lead to big results. So if you want to achieve your goals, start by taking some Action today. Who knows where it might lead?

## 8. Be patient:



We all have goals that we want to achieve in life. For some of us, these goals may be career-related, while others may revolve around our personal lives or relationships. No matter what our goals are, one thing is for sure: achieving them takes time and patience. Whether you’re working towards getting a promotion at work or raising a family, it’s important to be patient and to understand that good things come to those who wait. Rome wasn’t built in a day, and neither are most of our goals. So take your time, enjoy the journey, and trust that eventually, you will reach your destination.



## 9. Stay focused:



It is important to stay focused on your goals so that you can achieve them. Remember, if you want something bad enough, you will nd a way to make it happen. In order to achieve greater heights in any endeavour, it is important to stay focused. This means having a clear goal in mind and taking the necessary steps to reach that goal. It also means avoiding distractions and staying on track, even when things get tough. Of course, this is easier said than done. However, if you are willing to put in the e ort, it is possible to stay focused and achieve success. The key is to persevere and remain committed to your goals. When you do, you will be amazed at what you can achieve.


![Potential_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Potential_2_1569620e2c.webp)

## 10. Be persistent:


Never give up on your dreams and goals. Remember, it is not about how many times you fall down, it is about how many times you get back up again. Rome wasn’t built in a day, and neither are most meaningful accomplishments. Anyone who has ever achieved something great has had to put in the hard work day after day, week after week, month after month, year after year. There will be days when you don’t feel like showing up, but if you’re truly committed to your goal, you’ll find a way to push through the Obstacles and keep going. The successful people in life are not the ones who have never faced adversity; they’re the ones who have been knocked down again and again but have always gotten back up. So if you want to achieve your dreams, don’t give up when the going gets tough. Be persistent, and eventually, you will reach your destination.



## Conclusion:


These are just some of the ways that you can channel your potentials . It is important to remember that everyone has potential . Just because someone else has more doesn’t mean that yours isn’t just as great . You have the power to make things happen . Go out there and show the world what you’re made of and if you ever feel stuck stuck in life, remember that you have the potential to achieve great things. All it takes is a little dedication and perseverance.

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Top 10 Ways to Channelise Your Potential

**Y**ou’ve decided you want to make a career in IT. Great choice! But where do you start? It can be daunting trying to figure out where to begin, but don’t worry, we’re here to help.



In this article, we’ll outline a roadmap for making a successful career in IT. We’ll start by discussing the different areas of IT and what each one entails.



Then we’ll talk about the skills you’ll need to succeed in each field. Finally, we’ll give you a few tips for breaking into the IT industry. So let’s get started!



## 👉 Define Your Goals


Before you can start mapping out your plan of attack, you need to first define your goals. What do you want to achieve? What are you passionate about?



Once you have a firm grasp on your goals, it’s time to start researching the best way to achieve them. Do you want to be a programmer? A systems administrator? A network engineer? The options are endless, but you need to first figure out what path is best for you.



Once you’ve got that nailed down, it’s time to start building your skillset. There are plenty of resources out there, both online and off, that can help you get started.



And don’t forget to get involved in the IT community-there’s plenty of great information to be found there.

## 👉 Research the IT Industry

![Roadmap_to_Making_a_Career_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Roadmap_to_Making_a_Career_1_969c5d4d65.webp)


The IT industry is constantly evolving, so it’s important to know what skills are in demand and what companies are hiring.


You also need to have a clear idea of what you want to achieve and where you see yourself in the future.


Once you have a solid plan in place, it’s time to start building your skillset. There are plenty of online courses and tutorials that can help you get started, and don’t forget to network with other professionals in the industry.


With a little hard work and determination, you’ll be well on your way to success in the IT industry.

## 👉 Get Educated in the Field


The best way to make a name for yourself in the IT industry is to get educated in the field. There are so many options available to you, from online courses to certification programs.


Think about what areas you’re interested in and do some research to find the right program for you. Once you’ve completed your education, start putting your skills to use and network with other professionals.


The more experience you gain, the more opportunities will open up for you. Keep pushing yourself and don’t be afraid to take on new challenges.


With the right mindset and a bit of hard work, you can make a career in IT and be successful for years to come.


## 👉 Start Networking


Start networking as soon as possible. The best way to make a name for yourself in IT is to start meeting people and building relationships.



Attend industry events, go to meetups, and get involved with online forums and communities. The more people you know, the more opportunities will open up for you. And don’t be afraid to reach out to people you admire — the worst they can say is no.



But remember, it’s not all about what you know. It’s also about who you know. So start making connections and getting your name out there. It’ll pay off in the long run.

## 👉 Keep Learning and Advancing Your Career


![Roadmap_to_Making_a_Career_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Roadmap_to_Making_a_Career_2_78254a78fd.webp)


It’s no secret that the IT industry is always changing. Technology is always evolving, and if you want to stay ahead of the curve, you need to keep learning.


That’s why it’s so important to always be advancing your career. Take courses, read books, attend conferences — do whatever it takes to stay ahead of the game.


And don’t forget to network. Meeting other people in the industry is a great way to learn about new trends and technologies. Plus, you never know who you might meet that can help you get to the next level in your career.



## Conclusion



There are a lot of different ways to make your way in the IT industry, and it can be tough to figure out which one is right for you.


That’s where we come in.



We hope this article helped in you in choosing the different paths you can take to make a career in IT. So what are you waiting for? Let’s get started!



Happy Reading!!

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A Roadmap to Making a Career in IT

**M**obile application development refers to the process of creating software designed for mobile devices such as smartphones, tabs, and other handheld devices.



There have been successful launches of mobile applications in several sectors, such as education, finance, retail, and communication, and the industry expects this trend to continue and improve over time.



There was a time when only renowned brands used to create mobile apps. However, with increasing competition, businesses increasingly use mobile applications, irrespective of size and in all domains, to drive customer engagement and create relevant experiences.



>According to a report, small businesses with mobile apps grew by 16% from 2021 to 2022.


Having a well-designed app not only helps firms gain traction but also increases company’s value.



Android (Google) and iOS (Apple) are the most popular mobile platforms. Smartphones and handheld devices from Apple and Android come preloaded with multiple apps, including a full web browser.



In addition, you can install more apps onto your iOS and Android devices through the Apple App Store and Google Play Store, respectively.



To help you grow your business with the best app, mobile app developers need to determine which type of application they will be creating before they begin to develop it.

## Advancements in Mobile App Development



Initially, mobile apps were developed natively to ensure they worked well on any device.


Because of this, developers had to write code tailored specifically to each device’s processor. Mobile applications today are mostly device-independent.


Initially, each mobile device required an exclusive app development project with a unique code base.


There was limited freedom to reuse code from an initial project if the app needed to run on multiple operating systems. Nowadays, cross-platform tools share code across projects using standard languages like C# and JavaScript.


Additionally, they pair well with application lifecycle management tools. As a result, developers can create iOS, Android, and progressive web apps (PWAs) in one codebase.

## Why Should Your Business Go Mobile?


![Your_one-stop_Mobile_App_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Your_one_stop_Mobile_App_1_c61b950738.webp)


The mobile experience has conditioned consumers to desire a level of convenience and customisation they can’t get rid of.


Mobile phones and internet-enabled handheld gadgets have become go-to devices for consumers, allowing them to perform practically any task on the go.


Also, mobile technology has provided businesses across all industries with exciting new ways to engage their customers and employees, increase productivity and lower operating costs.


Thus, considering the lucrative outcomes of going mobile, companies nowadays strive to maximise their mobile presence.



Let’s look at the factors that are driving businesses to go mobile-first:



- According to experts, users spend more time on mobile devices than on websites. Since consumers increasingly depend on smartphones for a wide range of daily tasks, business owners are going mobile to grab their attention.
- Personalised experiences are easier to deliver on mobile applications than on websites.
- Millennial customers seek instant gratification, and mobile apps serve as the best tool to cater to their demands.
- Mobile apps also enable businesses to track user behaviour.
- The speed of mobile apps is 1.5 times faster than mobile websites.
- Some mobile apps’ basic functionality and content can be accessed even when the device is offline. This feature is not available on most websites.



As the future of business is mobile, we enable companies to optimise their infrastructures for mobility.

## How Can Habile Labs Help You?



From cross-platform mobile apps to custom mobile app development, our dedicated teams can handle all your mobile app development needs.



Having helped customers accelerate their digital transformation for over __ years, our teams utilise our knowledge of digital customer journeys and create innovative mobile apps tailored to our client’s business needs.



### - Innovative and Unmatched Services



Our mobile application development services have helped companies across industries and geographies run their business on mobile devices and differentiate their brands.



As a leading mobile app development company, we provide consulting, development, UX, UI, and security testing services for iOS and Android devices.

From building prototypes to offering consulting services, we do it all and design feature-packed, scalable mobile apps from scratch to help our clients’ businesses gain a competitive edge.

Our mobile app services can bring significant benefits to your business objectives. The mobile apps we develop help our clients in the following ways:



- Reduce operational expenses
- Enhances productivity
- Builds brand awareness
- Improves sales


Leveraging our app development services can also help you reach out to your potential customers worldwide. Moreover, the mobile apps developed by us enable our clients to offer customised and personalised promotions based on the real-time data of their customers.


Our apps provide an omnichannel experience to engage your customers with in-app advertisements/promotions. This, in turn, enhances customer loyalty.

### - Clients Worldwide Turn to Us for All Their Mobile App Needs


![Your_one-stop_Mobile_App_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Your_one_stop_Mobile_App_2_5f6d8d1e5d.webp)

We are not mere app development service providers. We consider ourselves your business partner and go the extra mile to help your business with a feature-rich and user-friendly mobile app.


We combine mobile technologies with Cloud, Data Analytics, Machine Learning, and IoT to add an enhanced level of functionality and competitive advantage to your business.



Moreover, our proactive app development team contributes to your business’s success in the following ways:



- Before taking up an app development project, we consider your customers’ pain points and try resolving them through the mobile app we design and develop. We ensure your mobile app is packed with all the required features to get more downloads.
- We also strive to learn about your audience’s age, gender, location and preferences before developing an app so that it gets more installs.
- Additionally, we investigate your competitors’ apps to see what features they offer and how consumers respond to them. We enable you to stay ahead of the pack by providing a more improved and advanced app.


With our unparalleled services, you can easily migrate your business with customised apps specially crafted to serve your specific business needs.



Also, our application development practices demonstrate sustainable and responsible practices based on the highest levels of integrity, transparency, and commitment.



Clients prefer us for our responsive mobile designs and specialised testing services. Thus, if you want to gain a competitive edge, it is high time you partnered with us to get a comprehensive mobile app with helpful features.



If you want your business to be stronger and more unified, working with dedicated and experienced app developers is the way to go.



So what are you waiting for? Now is the time to ensure that your business and team are mobile-ready.



Have you already embraced mobile technology in your company? If not, reach out to us right now and get ready to reinvent your business.

HabileLabs - Your one-stop Mobile App Solution

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Bring mobility solutions to your business!

HabileLabs- Your one-stop Mobile App Solution

**T**he human brain is literally the most complex machine in the entire universe. It sees everything and interprets it in its own way.

The study of the human mind, about how it perceives and responds to things in different scenarios, is what we call ‘Psychology’.

Gestalt principles are based on the ability of the human brain to see things that are not there, to complete the gaps within images and visuals, and to see the whole in whatever way possible, that’s why we see shapes in clouds.


In this blog, we are going to learn more about Gestalt psychology and how it helps in UI/UX designing -



## What is Gestalt Psychology?



A school of thought that considers the human behavior and mind as ‘One whole’, is what we call Gestalt Psychology.

![Gestalt_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_1_15681e5e6f.webp)


A core belief in Gestalt psychology is holism, or that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.



While looking at our surroundings, Gestalt psychology suggests that the human mind, unconsciously, does not focus particularly upon the smaller components, instead, it takes everything at once and perceives all objects as the elements of the bigger picture.


This psychology principle has played a major role in introducing modernism into the contemporary world of human sensation and perception study.

## History of Gestalt Psychology



While talking about Gestalt Psychology, one should know that ‘Gestalt’ is a German word that implies ‘pattern’ or ‘configuration’ in its simplest definition.



Now, getting into its history is a fascinating topic. Let’s start with its founders & psychologists, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffa, and Wolfgang Kohler who sought to study the “intrinsic nature of the whole” while doing their research in psychoanalysis & behavioral therapy.



According to these psychologists, social psychology is widely dependent upon a person’s perception.



Kurt Koffa, one of the founders, applied the principles of Gestalt psychology in child psychology, arguing that infants first understand things holistically before learning to differentiate things into parts. He has due credit for bringing Gestalt principles to the United States.


Wolfgang Kohler connected Gestalt psychology to the natural sciences, arguing that organic phenomena are examples of holism at work. He further studied the problem-solving approach in chimpanzees.


On the other hand, Max Wertheimer is primarily considered the father & inventor of gestalt psychology, who also introduced the idea of an institute for the same. His observations on the ([Phi phenomenon](https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/phi-phenomenon-and-psychology/)) were widely considered the stepping stones for Gestalt psychology.

## Insight Learning Kohler



Patterns among the observations we make about the outside world are called Insights. They give us knowledge of a particular cause and effect in a particular situation. They help us to explain our findings.



Our ability to solve a problem changes, when we have an insight, from not knowing how to do it to knowing how.



When playing a video game on a computer, you’ll experience impediments that require you to utilize the insights to move to the next level.



## Chimp Experiment



German psychologist Wolfgang Kohler was researching the behavior of chimpanzees in the 1920s.



He created a few straightforward tests that resulted in the creation of insight learning, one of the earliest cognitive theories of learning.



In this study, Kohler placed a piece of fruit just out of each chimpanzee’s grasp. He then gave each chimpanzee either three boxes or two sticks, and he waited and observed.

Kohler observed that the chimpanzees paused, took a seat, and considered a solution after realizing they couldn’t easily reach or jump up to grab the fruit. After a short while, the chimpanzees stood up and succeeded to fix the issue.



- In the first instance, the issue was resolved by combining the smaller sticks with the longer stick to make one incredibly long stick that could be used to knock the hanging fruit to the ground.
- In the second scenario, the chimpanzees would find a solution by piling the boxes on top of one another so that they could climb to the top and obtain the fruit.



## Design



Gestalt concepts were first used by designers in their work in the 1920s. These designers were influenced by gestalt psychology, which made them think that everyone has a specific set of perception traits and an innate sense of recognizing an “excellent” design.


Gestalt principles were adopted by designers, who based their work on how we perceive contrast, color, symmetry, repetition, and proportion.

## The Principles of Gestalt Psychology


![Gestalt_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_2_fef4030ead.webp)


Gestalt psychology had a role in popularizing the notion that perception involves more than merely observing what is actually there. In fact, our intentions and expectations have quite an influence on it.



To describe how Gestalt perception works, Wertheimer developed a set of principles. The following are a few of the most important of them-


### Principle of Figure-ground

![Gestalt_3.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_3_dbec22c177.webp)

According to the figure-ground concept, people automatically classify objects as being in the foreground or background. They either dominate the front (like the figure) or fade into the background (the ground).


For instance, in the image above, some individuals may immediately recognize the tree and the birds, while others will notice the gorilla and the lion staring at one another.


The figure/ground principle can come in very handy when product designers want to draw attention to a focal point, especially when it is in use or active.


For instance, when a modal window appears and the rest of the website fades into the background, or when a search bar is clicked and the contrast between it and the rest of the website is increased.


### The Law of Similarity


![Gestalt_4.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_4_179b50f66b.webp)


According to the concept of similarity, we group things together when they seem to be similar to one another. We also have a tendency to assume that they serve the same purpose.

In a design, similarity can be utilized to connect items that aren’t necessarily near to one another.



Even though there is no order to the circles’ location, and they are all the same size and spacing, we automatically group them by color.



Utilizing similarity in UI/UX design helps visitors understand which products are related. The similarity principle, for instance, would enable quick scanning of a feature list with recurring design components (such as an icon accompanied by three to four lines of text).



Changing the design elements, however, makes the things you want to draw attention to stand out and conveys a greater sense of importance to visitors.



Of course, if you want anything to stand out from the crowd, you can make it different. In order to stand out and bring visitors’ attention to the intended action, designers often use buttons for calls to action in a color different from the rest of a website.


### The Law of Proximity

![Gestalt_5.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_5_f880db2ea6.webp)


According to the principle of proximity, objects that are close to one another seem to be more related than those that are farther apart.


Because proximity is so potent, it triumphs over similarities in color, form, and other characteristics that may serve to distinguish a group of objects.



The proximity of the lines in the above image is the only thing separating the group on the left from the group on the right. And yet, the image on the right appears to your brain as three separate groupings.



The proximity in UX design encourages users to group related items together without the use of barriers like hard borders.



Like objects should be placed near together, with space between each group, so that the spectator can immediately recognize the organization and structure you intend. Each image’s proximity to the accompanying text indicates that the two are connected. The photographs, headlines, descriptions, and other information for each of Vice’s stories are differentiated using this technique.

### The Law of Common Fate

![Gestalt_6.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_6_7c062fe70b.webp)


According to this principle, people would group things that point in the same direction or are moving in the same direction.


This is really helpful for UX as animated effects are increasingly used in contemporary design. Note that elements must appear to be moving for this approach to work, even though they do not actually need to be moving.



### The Law of Continuity

![Gestalt_7.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_7_7596909682.webp)

According to the law of continuity, no matter how lines are really drawn, the human eye will always follow the path that is the least bumpy while perceiving them.


Even though the lines change color in the middle, the eye is prone to want to follow the straight line from one end of this figure to the other and the curved line from top to bottom.


When the intention is to lead a visitor’s eye in a specific direction, this continuation can be a useful tool. Make sure the most important information on the page falls within the simplest path possible for them to follow.


Since the eye follows lines naturally, arranging objects in a series along a line will cause the eye to naturally move from one object to the next. Examples of this kind of design include using horizontal sliders like it’s done in product listings on the Amazon website.

### The Law of Closure

![Gestalt_8.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Gestalt_8_17d2de5cd4.webp)


It is literally the tendency of a human brain to fill any gaps in a design or image to see the bigger picture, even if it’s not there. The idea of closure, in its most basic form, enables your eye to follow an object, such as a dotted line, to its conclusion.

The panda logo for the World Wildlife Fund is a wonderful example of the gestalt principle of closure. The brain completes the white shapes, even though they’re not well-defined.

When you show a portion of a picture fading off the user’s screen to indicate that there is more to be seen if they swipe left or right, you are using a closure in UX and UI design.

When just entire images are displayed, the brain does not quickly recognize that there may be more to be seen, which reduces the likelihood that your user will scroll (since closure is already apparent).

Even loading indicators, progress bars, and sliders use it.

## Bottom Line


If you understand how the human mind works, it’s easier to direct people’s attention to the right place. And keeping these principles at the top of your mind will help you focus on delivering a seamless user experience while working on web designing solutions.

small_Gestalt_Feature.webp

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Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

ReactJS is a powerful framework that helps developers create fast and efficient user interfaces. However, like any framework, it can be misused.


Reactjs anti-patterns are common mistakes that can lead to slow performance, difficulty maintaining code, and other problems. Some of the most common Reactjs anti-patterns include props drilling, props plowing, and huge components tree in a single component.


By understanding these Reactjs anti-patterns and how to avoid them, developers can create more efficient and scalable React applications.

Here are the common Anti patterns Reactjs developers should avoid.


## Props Drilling-



Prop drilling occurs when a component must receive props from its parent component, and then pass them down to its child components.


This can create a deeply nested structure that is difficult to understand and maintain. In addition, it can make it difficult to reuse components, since they may be tightly coupled to their parents.


Therefore, it is best to avoid prop drilling by refactoring your code to reduce the depth of nesting. This will make your code more readable and maintainable and will make it easier to reuse components in the future.


To refactor the code one can use state management libraries like redux, however redux is heavy work, so sometimes context API can be a better suitable option.



## Nested Components-



In ReactJS, modularization is accomplished through the use of components. It is common to use nested inline components. For example


```
import React from 'react';
const NestedComponent= props => {
    const ChildComponent = () => {
        return <div>Child Component</div>;
    }
    return (
        <div>
            <ChildComponent />
        </div>
    );
};
export default NestedComponent;
```

However, it is generally considered bad practice to nest these components too deeply.

Nested components can make the code difficult to read and understand, and they can also lead to performance issues.


Whenever the parent component will be called, the inline component will be recreated, even when the component will rerender, it will still be created, and again and again, it will leave you with a performance hole. So it is always better to create your child component separately.


So instead of writing components like the above example, a simple refactor may help in this case.


```
import React from 'react';const ChildComponent = () => {
   return <div>Child Component</div>;
}const NestedComponent= props => {
    return (
        <div>
            <ChildComponent />
        </div>
    );
};
export default NestedComponent;
```

## Avoid Huge Components-



In Reactjs you can create almost a whole application in one component, there is absolutely nothing that stops you from doing that.


Any experienced software engineer will tell you that one of the worst things you can do is create a huge, monolithic component.


But why?


Here are some of the problems huge monolithic components have


- Such components are difficult to maintain and test, and they often lead to code bloat. As the component size grows, it hurts the head and developers tend to make more mistakes.
- It is almost impossible to reuse such components.
- Due to a lot of states and props, such components re-render again and again, rerendering in eactjs components is costly. So components slow down.


That’s why Reactjs developers always strive to create smaller, modular components. By breaking up your code into smaller pieces, you can make your code more manageable and easier to work with.


In addition, small Reactjs components are more likely to be reused in other projects. As a result, they can save you a lot of time and effort in the long run.


So next time you’re starting a Reactjs project, remember to keep your components small and focused. It’s the best way to avoid problems down the road.


## Index as a key prop-


Most of Reactjs developer developers write the loop like this


```
import React from 'react';
const ProductsList = props => {
    const products = ["watch", "phone", "football"];
    return (
        <div>
            {
                products.map((product, index) => {
                    return <div key={index}>{product}</div>
                })
            }
        </div>
    );
};
export default ProductsList;
```

Many of the ReactJS developers do not understand why a key prop is needed, so when even they write a loop and Reactjs will give them a warning. So they tend to use index and key prop.

#### Never do it again, but why?



Keys help React identify which items have changed, are added, or are removed. Keys should be given to the elements inside the array to give the elements a stable identity.



The best way to pick a key is to use a string that uniquely identifies a list item among its siblings.



In the example above name can be used as a key provided there are no duplicates in the array, in the real world, the product list will have ids as well, so Id can be a good candidate for a key prop.


```
import React from 'react';
const ProductsList = props => {
    const products = ["watch", "phone", "football"];
    return (
        <div>
            {
                products.map((product) => {
                    return <div key={product}>{product}</div>
                })
            }
        </div>
    );
};
export default ProductsList;
```

## Not Memorizing Complex Calculations-


Sometimes developers may need to do heavy calculations in a Reactjs component. It is might take good computing power and slow down the component a little bit, which is ok. for example

```
const ComplexComponent = props => {
    const complexOutput = complexCalculationFunction(props);
    return (
        <div>
            Do Something
        </div>
    );
};
export default ComplexComponent;
```

But as we know component re-renders whenever there is a change in state and prop. so every time this calculation will be done again.

So what if the component can remember the calculation that was done when the factors which determine the calculation have not changed, that will be really good.

The good news is, there is [useMemo](https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usememo) present, it can be used for Memorizing the calculations.



```
const ComplexComponent = props => {
    const complexOutput = useMemo(() => complexCalculationFunction(props.a, props.b), [props.a, props.b]);
    return (
        <div>
            Do Something
        </div>
    );
};
export default ComplexComponent;
```

Developers should learn anti-patterns because they are the opposite of what you are taught to do and can help them see different ways to solve a problem.


![ReactJs_Anti_Patterns_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/React_Js_Anti_Patterns_1_49f3a754e9.webp)


## Conclusion-



Learning anti-patterns will help developers understand why they do what they do, which will make them better at programming.



To delve more into the aforesaid subject matter you can also take a look at how we tackle this through [Custom Application Development](https://www.habilelabs.io/custom-application-development).

small_ReactJs_Anti_Patterns_Feature.webp

thumbnail_ReactJs_Anti_Patterns_Feature.webp

5 Common Reactjs Anti patterns everyone should learn to become Pro

**We** live in the era of the Internet of Things, where everything in this world is getting smarter, whether it’s a watch, car, kitchen, pet collars, or TV.



>According to Fortune Business Insights, the IoT (Internet of Things) market is poised to grow to $1,854.76 billion by 2028, at a CAGR of 25.4% from 2021–28.



As the Internet of Things grows dramatically in the next decade, we will see many more connected devices doing wonders with their limitless potential.



Over the last few years, IoT has grown into a vast industry. Today’s blog will shed light on IoT trends, the latest market developments, various applications of IoT devices across several industries, and the future of IoT.

## What is IoT?



IoT is a cutting-edge technology that helps us live and work smarter.



It refers to the system of interconnected computing devices that can wirelessly connect to the Internet to transfer data over a network without requiring a human-to-computer connection.



Big data technologies have made it easier to organize and analyze the data yielded by IoT systems.



Additionally, Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning have enabled the generation of insights from IoT-generated data to help businesses grow.


## IoT Evolution


Industry experts are painting a positive picture of the IoT industry as a result of the proliferation of connected devices worldwide.


It was ARPANET that created the first connected network, the precursor to today’s Internet, and from there, the concept of IoT evolved.


The UN’s International Telecommunication Union (ITU) published its first report on the Internet of Things in 2005, indicating the technology’s growing popularity.



_The IoT market had a fascinating period between 2008 and 2010, during which the number of connected devices outnumbered the world’s population. According to statistics from 2010, there were12.5 billion connected devices worldwide, supporting a global population of 6.8 billion._



5G wireless technology is the latest breakthrough of IoT. Compared to previous wireless technologies, 5G generates more significant innovation and change opportunities. The increased speed of 5G allows IoT devices to exchange data faster than ever.

Aside from this, the fusion of AI, machine learning, and real-time data processes enabled by IoT solutions has led to a significant increase in the number of cellular IoT devices. Cellular IoT connections are expected to reach 3.5 billion by 2023.



>Additionally, according to International Data Corporation IDC, by 2025, the total data volume generated by connected IoT devices worldwide will reach 79.4 zettabytes (ZB).


Thus, IoT data trading will become an important part of many IoT systems in the coming years.


The proliferation of IoT devices in virtually every area of life has made everyone familiar with the Internet of Things (IoT) concept.


For Millennials, IoT-enabled appliances, CCTV cameras, air conditioners, bulbs, headphones, voice assistants, and biometric devices have become integral to their lives.


#### A report by IDC states that by 2025, there will be 41.6 billion IoT devices. Another by Insider Intelligence reveals that there will be over 41 billion IoT devices by 2027.



The report also states that the IoT market by 2027 will grow to over $2.4 trillion due to the integration of all modern-day devices into the Internet.



Likewise, according to Cisco, 500 billion devices will be connected to the internet by 2030.


## The Social Impact of IoT



The global population is expected to hit 8 billion on November 15, 2022. More than half of the world’s population uses smartphones or other internet-enabled gadgets to stay digitally connected.



In the modern era, internet-enabled devices are the only way to access 95% of online information. Considering this, let’s now elucidate the positive impact of the IoT on society :


- Smart homes can help save energy costs
- Smart security devices can offer enhanced surveillance
- IoT helps control traffic signals and vehicle speed based on a city’s traffic rules
- Smart street lighting can adjust light output following usage
- In terms of improved health care, the Internet of Things impacts society through remote patient monitoring and medication delivery

## The Economic Impact of IoT



A GSMA report revealed that global productivity benefits from IoT usage amounted to $175 billion in 2018. In terms of GDP, this is equivalent to 0.2%.



>What’s more, Particle, an IoT platform, revealed in a recent study that by 2025 the IoT industry might impact the economy by more than $11 trillion.


According to another report, the Internet of Things will likely generate 200 to 350 billion dollars worth of economic benefits for households by 2025. Overall, the economic impact is estimated to be between 3.9 and 11.1 trillion dollars.



The Internet of Things may also impact the overall job market in a way that was not felt before. Connected devices in the IoT network will gradually take over many of the tasks we do today.



Though some people fear IoT will replace humans in the future, this is a myth as a business cannot survive without offering a human touch, which is crucial for boosting customer experience.


## Applications of IoT



IoT devices are frequently used in transportation, manufacturing, and utility organizations. However, IoT has been making inroads into the infrastructure, hospitality, and agriculture sectors as well.



Let’s look at some of the applications of IoT:


### 👉 Traffic Management



The Internet of Things (IoT) can make traffic management in large cities much more efficient. IoT helps your smartphone act like a sensor via apps such as Google Maps to acquire data and share traffic-related information.



### 👉 Health



Nowadays, doctors can monitor a patient’s condition outside the hospital using wearables or sensors connected to the patient.



It improves patient care and helps prevent lethal events among high-risk patients by continuously monitoring specific metrics and generating notifications about their health. For instance, smartwatches are a major segment of the global wearables’ industry.

### 👉 Smart Farms


Having good soil is crucial to producing good crops. The IoT technology allows farmers to access valuable information about the condition of their soil.


Moreover, the sensors can gather information about temperature, rainfall, humidity, etc., for automating farming operations.


### 👉 Smart City


By 2024, the Indian government will complete its Smart Cities Mission. State governments have implemented several IoT applications in smart cities.



With IoT, connectivity is integrated into infrastructure requirements and several critical concerns, such as water distribution, electricity management, traffic management, waste management, and others.



Thus, IoT will not only add convenience to people’s lives but also eliminate some of the challenges they face.

![IOT_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/IOT_1_2dfd9da1c6.webp)



### 👉 Smart Homes



IoT is an excellent tool for convenience and security, especially in smart homes. All processes taking place at your home can be effectively controlled and monitored using the Internet of Things.


A smart refrigerator, for instance, can alert you when to buy vegetables or add bread and butter to your shopping list.


This is how IoT is becoming an integral part of our lives. Likewise, IoT has become crucial for businesses.


Nowadays, businesses across sectors are embracing IoT to automate, enhance, and manage different business processes seamlessly. According to Statista, almost 54% of enterprise IoT projects are driven by cost savings.


IoT technology also gives businesses real-time insight into their business processes, including supply chain processes. The data generated by IoT devices also helps companies to enhance customer experience and make informed business decisions.

## Role of IoT Ecosystems



To understand how the IoT functions, it is necessary to understand the IoT ecosystem or IoT Architecture.



Also known as the IoT environment, the IoT ecosystem encompasses all components necessary for connecting consumers, businesses, and other organizations.


There are three basic layers in an IoT architecture-

- Perception, consisting of devices and sensors
- Network, or the connectivity between gadgets; and
- Application, the interface or component users interact with.


Thus, sensors, actuators, IoT gateways, IoT clouds, Remotes, dashboards, networks, gateways, user interface, analytics, data storage, and security all form part of the IoT ecosystem or IoT architecture.


Let’s take the example of an IoT-enabled doorbell. Multiple components are involved in making the bell detect the presence of someone at the door even when it isn’t rung and communicating this information via video or voice.



Thus, the connected doorbell first detects before sending the information to the user. The IoT ecosystem also plays a role in unlocking the door remotely.



As IoT progresses, the definition of the IoT ecosystem continues to evolve.



The three layers defined above support IoT devices through data collection and processing. This architecture goes beyond the OSI model to include data transformation into usable information.



These insights allow businesses to take immediate action through automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.

## Future of IoT


![IOT_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/IOT_2_de9ef0bd50.webp)


With more businesses realizing the limitless potential of connected devices to stay competitive, IoT will continue to gather steam in the future.



With the Internet of Things moving toward the future, it will be fascinating to see where it takes us. In the near future, experts predict a new era of IoT applications that will allow humans and machines to interact intuitively.


Also, advancements in eSIM technology and remote SIM provisioning will accelerate the growth of IoT, paving the way for the next phase of its development.



Overall, the impact of IoT on social life, business, economy, and job skills will be positive. Though some challenges, such as data security, will come, we believe that they will be overcome soon!



Considering the potential of this cutting-edge technology, several IoT development companies, such as Habilelabs, provide IoT-based strategic solutions such as wearables and integrated technologies to help businesses stay on top of their game.



Using different IoT development platforms, such as Azure IoT Hub, Google Cloud IoT, and AWS IoT core, Habilelabs designs groundbreaking IoT-enabled products and applications with remote control capabilities and sensors for monitoring the product’s environment.



The company also leverages IoT to enhance its business strategies and stay ahead of the curve.

small_IOT_Feature.webp

thumbnail_IOT_Feature.webp

Leverage the limitless potential of connected devices

Why and How is IoT evolving?

In the [previous blog](https://habilelabs.io/blog/all-about-open-network-for-digital-commerce-part-I), we learned about what ONDC is and how it can revolutionize Digital E-Commerce.



But to bring this revolution, there must be an ONDC ecosystem consisting of the ONDC network, the Buyer app, and the Seller app deployed on the ONDC network.



What does this statement mean that applications should be deployed on the ONDC network? And how exactly can this be done?

In this blog, we will discuss how can we deploy our seller app and buyer app on the ONDC network, and we will see the most popular APIs associated with ONDC. This is what an ONDC-enabled e-commerce network will look like.


![Digital_Commerce2_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Digital_Commerce2_1_8b3e5d6f99.webp)

ONDC uses asynchronous APIs that buyer applications and seller applications must integrate in order to use the network.


#### Example-




The buyer’s application calls the search API to find the offer. Once this call is sent, the buyer’s application receives a unique ID in response. Now the network calls the on_search hook of the buyer application to provide the search result from the sellers.



Listed below are the APIs starting with on_ are callback/web-hook APIs implemented in ONDC along with their callbacks:-


- search - on_search
- select - on_select
- Init - on_init
- confirm - on_confirm
- status - on_status
- track - on_track
- update - on_update
- cancel - on_cancel
- rating - on_rating
- cancel - on_cancel


The APIs as on_search fall in the category of searching or discovery. The select, init and confirms fall under the category of order APIs, status, track, and update, while cancel APIs fall under the category of fulfilment criteria.

The rating and cancel fall under support API. Now, these are the APIs that are integrated into sellers’ or buyers’ applications. But there are some more network infrastructure API, for example:-



The below diagram explains the best flow of how these APIs and callbacks work for buyers’ and sellers’ apps-


![Digital_Commerce2_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Digital_Commerce2_2_cf5e152095.webp)


## APIs for Buyers —


- **/search —** the user searches the item based on ratings and reviews
- **/select —** the user selects the product and adds them to the cart
- **/init —** the user accepts the price and enters the billing details for the invoice
- **/confirm —** the user receives the payment confirmation and information of the order.
- **/status —** the user gets the status of his ongoing order
- **/track —** the user tracks the location of the order
- **/update —** the user can update the information like address, etc
- **/cancel —** the user can cancel the order if he’s allowed to do so.
- **/rating —** the user can share his experience with the product.
- **/support —** user can connect to the support team if needed



## APIs for Sellers —


The following APIs will be used at the seller’s end -

- **/on_search —** based on the incoming request, a list of matching products should be return
- **/on_select —** the seller will receive the list of items the user wants to buy
- **/on_init —** the seller receives information like confirmed payments receipt, billing address, shipping address, etc.
- **/on_confirm —** the seller receives confirmation from the user, confirms the document or promise of payment, and returns the confirmed order ID.
- **/on_track —** the seller returns information containing the updated tracking status of the product
- **/on_update —** the seller receives the changes user has made in the information like billing address, shipping address, etc.
- **/on_cancel —** the seller will receive a request demanding a product cancellation
- **/on_rating —** the seller receives the rating of a product and the seller for further analysis
- **/on_support** — the seller receives a request from the user for providing him assistance


That’s it, folks! Hope you liked both of these articles and found them insightful. For further queries, feel free to reach out at [Habilelabs](https://habilelabs.io).

small_Digital_Commerce2_Feature.webp

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How to use Open Network for Digital Commerce? — Part 2

### Introduction

**L**et’s imagine -


Harsh is a local shopkeeper. He wants to take his business online and desire to become a PAN India direct-to-customer (D2C) brand.


Now the question is, How can he do that?

Well, here arise two cases:

## Case-1


**“New Online Website”**


He can start a new website and begin to sell his stuff online. But for that, he has to make a huge upfront investment. It’s not impossible as such, as he can take help of lots of E-Commerce service providers such as Shopify.


This process check following things -



Suppose he is successful in doing this. But the question is -



Are people going to buy things from him?



Will people even notice his presence online?



Because it takes a lot to make a presence online. He has to spend a good amount of money on ads and tools. This is time taking and involves a lot of capital which can discourage the user.


## Case-2


**“E-commerce market places”**



Listing products on platforms like Amazon and Flipkart helps a lot. It give their products needed exposure and every other spotlight.


Just by listing, it gets recommended and if purchased frequently can generate a good amount of revenue.


These giant E-Commerce websites, make things so easy that sellers feels comfortable to list their products on these websites. Because of these things, these websites are able to establish monopoly in India.


Now, the primary objective of their two American owned company is to make money. Both of these companies work as middleman and establish connection between sellers & buyers.

![Digital_Commerce1_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Digital_Commerce1_1_5070a8ca77.webp)

The Government of India, identified these problems and hence ONDC came into the picture.


Let’s see what ONDC is:


## Open Network for Digital Commerce



Open Network for Digital commerce (ONDC) is a section 8 company. It is establish by The Government of India to develop and build an open for all E-commerce Network. It is like a UPI network for the E-commerce stream.


Today, the online money transaction system is prevailing and making things easier.


Now, what if our online order system will become this much easier with only one common app?


That’s what ONDC is.


ONDC is not a software an application or and intermediary but an network based protocol.


It enable local shopkeeper, retailers across different segments such as grocery, mobility, hotel bookings, travel and many more, to be discovered by any E-commerce network enabled application.

![Digital_Commerce1_Feature.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Digital_Commerce1_Feature_f3a273e1e2.webp)

## How ONDC will change Indian E-commerce?



Our current E-commerce experience in India is through big stores like Jio-Mart etc. These stores are full of different products with different brands applying their own rules. For example, Jio Mart. They decide the priority, presentation, price , and discount of the product to increase their profit.



In reference to this particular topic, let’s take a look on what Amazon do-



If a certain product is working well and getting enough customer attention then amazon just copy-paste the whole product and launch it under their brand name on cheaper price.



Now this will create a risk as in above example, if a brand does too well then these



After ONDC,



Our E-commerce experience will change in so many ways. The Government will set rules for the buyers and sellers which is focused more on brands and public rather than on profit. With this The Government of India will gain more control over E-commerce in comparison to Flipkart and Amazon.

## How does ONDC work?



The ONDC platform lies within the middle of the interfaces hosting the consumers and also the sellers. So far, the client aspect interface is being hosted by Paytm, whereas the vendor aspect interface is being hosted by different players like GoFrugal, etc.



When a vendor searches for any item on the Paytm app, from wherever ONDC has gone live, the app can connect with the ONDC platform, and is able to connect it to merchandiser aspect interfaces that may list all the businesses from wherever you’ll purchase the actual item.



## Conclusion



On ONDC, there’ll be many different backend partners like provision service suppliers, enterprise resource planners, e-commerce store hosting service suppliers, etc.



After this the small business owners doesn’t need to worry about their product being copied. The D2c brands like boat do not have to worry about the traffic from the E-commerce website like amazon and Flipkart as ONDC makes them closer to pure play direct-to-consumer brands.

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All About Open Network for Digital Commerce- Part 1

**P**roject structuring is an important topic because the way you bootstrap your application can determine the whole development experience throughout the life of the project.



## Routes-


Where we define endpoints should be noun based and do not use verbs.


```
router.get("api/v1/get-book-list", getBookMethod); // avoid router.get("api/v1/book-list", getBookMethod); // please use
```

## Controller -


Basic skeleton of the API should be there if the method is getting big, use a service file and move some logic there. Write reusable code and common functions.


Ex. You can’t save a web socket circular object into an app instance of express.


## Organizing Files around Module

![Practice_nodejs_folder_1.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_1_40ebd0e7ad.webp)


![Practice_nodejs_folder_2.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_2_0e289c6e23.webp)


## 👉 Place Your Test Files Next to The Module


Tests are not just for checking whether a module produces the expected output, they also document your modules. Because of this, it is easier to understand if test files are placed next to the implementation.


Put your additional test files in a separate test folder to avoid confusion.


![Practice_nodejs_folder_3.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_3_08b0f269ad.webp)

## 👉 Use a config Directory


To place your configuration files, use a config directory.


![Practice_nodejs_folder_4.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_4_2056706352.webp)


## 👉 All shell scripts in scripts folder


Avoid writing long scripts in package.json. Create a separate file for that and use that file.


![Practice_nodejs_folder_5.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_5_31c50035f6.webp)


## 👉 Third-party API calls and common reusable code in services folder


Third-party API integration in separate service files and maintain them in the services folder.



To sign and verify a token create a separate jwt-service and import this to sign and verify the token.


![Practice_nodejs_folder_6.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_6_3fcb82fe78.webp)

## 👉 Directory for common utils


Create a subfolder on the basis of type like server-utilities-


![Practice_nodejs_folder_7.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_7_9a6ac93d1a.webp)



## 👉 DB directory for database-related stuff (MongoDB or Postgres)


Let’s assume we are dealing with Postgres, then-


![Practice_nodejs_folder_8.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_8_ece2f0bb45.webp)


## 👉 Request validation : express-validator



Add an express-validator to validate and sanitize the request. Validation should be added on the model level and on the request level.


![Practice_nodejs_folder_9.webp](https://backend.habilelabs.io/uploads/Practice_nodejs_folder_9_f7a2280229.webp)

## 👉 Do not write every constant in the .env file


Only server-related essential credentials should be there for third parties etc.

Create a separate file and read from there like environment.json or put them in constants.js in utilities.

"doc": "apidoc -i app/ -o client/dist/eps-client/doc", and npm run doc apidoc.json will be in parallel of package.json

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